DIABETES!!!!

DIABETES: A SWEET DISEASE

Every time we listened to speak most frequently of the diabetes, in almost all means of information, at the moment everybody knows someone that suffers diabetes. Diabetes is not a disease that has appeared recently, but is one of the oldest known diseases. The first obtained data of it came from an Egyptian papyrus from 1500 b. C where a disease with the symptoms of the diabetes is described. Also, 1000 years before our era, the Hindus noticed that there were people whose had sweetened tinkles. In century II a. C, Arateo from Capadocia used for the first time the word DIABETES that means “to flow through a siphon”, due to the excess of tinkles. Years later, in century XVII, when diagnose was obtained savoring the tinkles, it was added the term “MELLITUS”, which means “candy”. In 1921, Canadians Frederick Banting and Charles Best, discover the insulin and begin successfully its use.

In the 80´s decade it was considered that total population suffering diabetes was of 30 million, up to date, the Diabetes International Federation, esteem that at least 194 million people in the world have diabetes and it is calculates that for the year 2025 this number will rise to 300 million. In Mexico according to the poll of the Secretaría de Salud, 10,9% of the Mexican population have diabetes and near a third of them ignores that suffers it.

What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic-degenerative disease where the body does not produce or not use the insulin in the correct way.

Our body requires of energy to be able to perform all its functions. This energy is obtained deriving from the glucose (sugar) originated by the food, which enters the cells thanks to a “key” called INSULIN. If diabetes is not suffered, the insulin allows the energy obtained from the food’s glucose to enter the cells of our body.

All of us have certain amount of glucose in the blood; the normal levels are between 70 and 100 mg/dl. When insulin is not produced in sufficient amounts or it is not managed to assimilate in the correct way, the glucose cannot enter the cells, staying in the blood, gathering up to values above the normal. When it happens some characteristic symptoms may be displayed.

· Polyphagie: Too much hungry
· Poliuria: To tinkle frequently
· Polidipsia: Too much thirst
· Lost of weight
· Weakness
· Fatigue
· Tiredness

Types of diabetes.

We have listened names as “Insulino dependent Mellitus Diabetes” IDMD NIDMD, Type I Diabetes, Type II Diabetes, etc. At the moment, from 1997there are only two types of terms: Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes.

Type I Diabetes
Previously named “Insulino dependent Mellitus Diabetes” (IDMD) or youthful diabetes since it generally affects children and young adults (of normal complexion). At the present has been observed that it can affect at any age. People with this type of diabetes generally do not produce insulin and require injecting insulin to control their glucose levels in blood and in this way be able to survive. This type of diabetes is due to a destruction of the cells in charge to produce insulin (BETA CELLS) of the pancreas due to a malfunctioning of the immunological system of the organism (self immune disease), its beginning is abrupt.

Type 2 Diabetes
This is the must common type of diabetes also known as “ NON INSULINO DEPENDENT” (NIDMD) or “adult’s diabetes” because is more common in overweighted people older than 45 years, recently it has been observed this type of diabetes in children and young people with obesity.

People with type 2 diabetes has two problems: an insufficient insulin production, or its cells can offer resistance to the insulin. The cells are not able to use insulin in the correct way so that the glucose enter them therefore remains in the blood increasing its glucose levels.

Risk factors:

· Inheritance
· Infections by virus (type I)
· Obesity
· Hypertension and high Cholesterol levels
· Tabaquism
· Lazy life
· Gestational Diabetes
· Mothers with new born children weighing more than 4 kg

Tools for Control
· Food
· Physical exercise
· Medicines
· Self monitoring
· Education